2 The armillary sphere, symbol of the Portuguese discovery of the world

3 More spheres

4  And yet more

5 The connection with the sea in a political poster: ‘People who don’t fear the sea, aren’t frightened to struggle.’

6 Ceramic coat of arms of the Portuguese royal family

7 A careworn conquistador of the Order of Christ

8 The crusading spirit

9 Portuguese naval fire power

10 King Manuel 1 who sent Vasco da Gama to India

11 The sixteenth century ‘House of Spikes’ in Lisbon

12 From the castle of St George the view over Lisbon and the Tejo

13 A study in lilac

14  Inside the castle of Tomar, home of the Order of Christ, successors to the Templars

15  Ceramics at Tomar

16  Courtyard at Tomar

17  Windows at Tomar in the ornate Manueline style

18  And a ceramic version

19  An astonished face

20  Ornate window decorated with the cross of the Order of Christ

21  The Jeronimos monastery in Lisbon

22  Armour

23  Vasco da Gama trying to look benign

24  A monkey tries on spectacles in the Tile Museum

25  Catherine of Braganza and Charles II of England – a marriage not exactly made in heaven

26  A trap to catch a tiger in the Tile Museum

27  Fado musicians in Coimbra – the traditional music of Portugal

28  Statue of Pedro Alvares Cabral, discoverer of Brazil

29  Poster for a bull fight

30  Double door knockers

31  Sixteenth century aqueduct outside Tomar

32  Abandoned art deco theatre in Santarem

33  A view over the Tejo at Santarem

34  Francisco de Almeida, viceroy of India

35  Spring in Portugal

36  Conquistador: Afonso de Albuquerque

37  Luis de Camoes – Portugal’s national poet

38  A replica caravel – the ship that launched the discoveries

39  Aboard the caravel

40  Monument to the Discoveries at Belem – Henry the Navigator in the prow